玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术治疗大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔

目的　探讨玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术治疗大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法　回顾性分析2017年3月至2019年12月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗的大孔径（最小直径＞400 μm）特发性黄斑裂孔患者68例,其中40例联合内界膜翻转填塞治疗（传统术式组）,28例联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞治疗（改良术式组）。比较两组患者术前及术后最佳矫正视力及裂孔闭合率。结果　传统术式组术后6个月视力（0.842±0.340）logMAR较术前（1.160±0.310）logMAR明显改善（P<0.05）,改良术式组术后6个月视力（0.825±0.288)logMAR较术前（1.204±0.334）logMAR也明显改善（P<0.05）,但两组患者术后视力改善程度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。改良术式组术后裂孔闭合率（100.00%）高于传统术式组（77.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且随着裂孔直径的增大,传统术式组术后裂孔闭合率逐渐降低。超大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔（裂孔直径>700 μm）分组中,传统术式组和改良术式组患者术后裂孔闭合率分别为61.53%、100.00%,差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　玻璃体切割联合玻璃酸钠凝胶辅助内界膜翻转填塞术是一种安全有效的手术方式,不仅在一定程度改善大孔径黄斑裂孔患者术后视力,还可大幅提高大孔径特发性黄斑裂孔闭合率,尤其是超大孔径黄斑裂孔的闭合率。     

腹腔双套管在暂时性腹腔关闭患者创面负压吸引中的应用与护理

目的探讨腹腔双套管在暂时性腹腔关闭患者创面负压吸引中的应用与护理。方法 2011年11月至2012年10月,南京军区南京总医院普通外科收治的腹腔间室综合征行腹腔开放暂时性腹腔关闭患者29例,在创面下放置腹腔双套管,以保证有效的负压吸引,及时清除创面渗出物。护理中加强对创面放置双套管及创面覆盖网片敷料的管理,做好保暖,预防创面污染,同时加强功能锻炼和心理护理,促进患者康复。结果 29例患者创面放置腹腔双套管负压吸引时间为17~33d,平均(26.21±4.39)d,负压吸引期间均无意外发生,无一例患者因护理不当而造成不良后果,治疗均达到预期效果。结论腹腔双套管用于暂时性腹腔关闭患者创面负压吸引效果良好,能及时清除创面渗出物,有利于创面治疗和伤口愈合,值得临床护理工作借鉴。     

Systematic review of changes in maxillary incisor exposure and upper lip position with Le Fort I type osteotomies with or without cinch sutures and/or VY closures

The aim was to systematically review the maxillary incisor exposure and upper lip position changes with Le Fort I type osteotomies for advancement ± impaction with rigid internal fixation, taking into account the use of cinch sutures and VY closures. Electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched using medical subject headings (MeSH), key words, truncations, and Boolean operators. Hand searching was also undertaken. Of 979 articles identified, 15 were included (11 retrospective, two prospective, and two unspecified). Relevant study details and outcomes were recorded on a spreadsheet, along with an assessment of their quality. In total, these studies assessed 419 patients (266 female, 118 male) with a mean age of 26.4 years (range 14–57 years). Soft tissue changes were assessed on lateral cephalometric radiographs. The mean maxillary hard tissue advancement and impaction ranged between 0.94 and 8.77 mm and −0.56 and 4.2 mm, respectively. The ranges of ratios demonstrated that from pronasale (0.24–0.35) to labrale superius (0.36–1.43), the soft tissues followed the underlying horizontal hard tissue movement increasingly more closely. Alar base cinch sutures and VY closures tended to increase these ratios. The soft tissue response was more variable vertically. None of the studies reported on maxillary incisor exposure change. More good quality prospective studies are needed.     

Special distraction osteogenesis before bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects to correct maxillary deformities in patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates: Distraction osteogenesis performed separately for each bone segment

IntroductionPatients with bilateral cleft lips and palates have premaxillary protrusion and characteristic jaw deformities involving three-dimensional malposition of the premaxilla and bilateral maxillary bone segments. This study examined patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates who had deviation and hypoplasia of the premaxillas and bilateral maxillary segments. Before bone grafting, the patients were treated with special distraction performed separately for each bone segment using a halo-type external device. This report describes this novel treatment method which produced good results.Material and methodsThe subjects were five patients with severe jaw deformities due to bilateral cleft lip and palate. They were treated with maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy and subsequent distraction performed separately for each bone segment using a halo device. In three of five patients, premaxillary osteotomy was not performed, and osteotomy and distraction were performed only for the right and left lateral segments with severe hypoplasia.ResultsAll patients achieved distraction close to the desired amount. The widths of the alveolar clefts were narrowed, and satisfactory occlusion and maxillary arch form were achieved. After the surgery, three of five patients underwent bone grafting for bilateral alveolar cleft defects and the bone graft survival was satisfactory.ConclusionsThis method had many benefits, including narrowing of alveolar clefts, improvement of maxillary hypoplasia, and achievement of a good maxillary arch form. In addition, subsequent bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects was beneficial, dental prostheses were unnecessary, and frequency of surgery and surgical invasiveness were reduced. This method is a good surgical procedure that should be considered for patients with bilateral cleft lips and palates who have premaxillary protrusion and hypoplasia of the right and left lateral segments.     

Incisional hernia after liver transplantation: risk factors and health‐related quality of life

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to analyze the incidence of incisional hernia after liver transplantation (LT), to determine potential risk factors for their development, and to assess their impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients who underwent LT through a J‐shaped incision with a minimum follow‐up of three months were included. Follow‐up was conducted at the outpatient clinic. Short Form 36 (SF‐36) and body image questionnaire (BIQ) were used for the assessment of HRQoL. A total of 140 patients was evaluated. The mean follow‐up period was 33 (SD 20) months. Sixty patients (43%) were diagnosed with an incisional hernia. Multivariate analysis revealed surgical site infection (OR 5.27, p = 0.001), advanced age (OR 1.05, p = 0.003), and prolonged ICU stay (OR 1.54, p = 0.022) to be independent risk factors for development of incisional hernia after LT. Patients with an incisional hernia experienced significantly diminished HRQoL with respect to physical, social, and mental aspects. In conclusion, patients who undergo LT exhibit a high incidence of incisional hernia, which has a considerable impact on HRQoL. Development of incisional hernia was shown to be related to surgical site infection, advanced age, and prolonged ICU stay.